Lesson Forty-Four Lesson Forty-Four Kinds of Substances Theories about the Kinds of Substances There are differences of opinion among philosophers about the kinds of material and immaterial...
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Lesson Forty-Three Lesson Forty-Three What is Time? Discussion about the Reality of Time Strange positions have also been reported regarding the reality of time, to which Ibn Sīnā...
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Lesson Forty-Two Lesson Forty-Two What is Location? Introduction The discussion of time and space is among the most important problems of philosophy which has always attracted the attention...
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ch5-10 Lesson Fifty The Union of the Knower and the Known Introduction In his books the Shifā1 and the Ishārāt,2 Shaykh al-Ra’īs (Ibn Sīnā) quotes several Greek...
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Part V Part V The Material and the Immaterial Lesson Forty-One The Material and the Immaterial Introduction Philosophers have propounded preliminary divisions for all existents, among which...
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Lesson Thirty-Nine Lesson Thirty-Nine The Final Cause An Analysis regarding Free Actions No free and willful deed (in the general senses of these terms) is performed without the...
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Lesson Thirty-Eight Lesson Thirty-Eight The Efficient Cause Introduction One of the most famous classifications of causes (perhaps stated for the first time by Aristotle) is that of...
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Lesson Thirty-Seven Lesson Thirty-Seven The Principles of Cause and Effect Some Points regarding Cause and Effect A correct conception of the meaning of cause and effect is sufficient...
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Lesson Thirty-Six Lesson Thirty-Six The Relations of Cause and Effect The Homogeneity (Sinkhiyyah) of Cause and Effect Undoubtedly, not just any effect comes into existence with any cause....
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Lesson Thirty-Five Lesson Thirty-Five The Dependence of the Effect on the Cause The Mutual Implication of Cause and Effect In consideration of the definitions of cause and effect it is easy...
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